Pollution in the USA

Pollution in the USA One of the most eminent problems is pollution and other forms of environmental worsening. While this problem is everything but new, and in reality tends to weaken in the most urbanized countries, the innovation is its global growth, leading to such problems as the global warming. The USA is the worlds leading polluter. The USA has the largest cars and the largest roads to all other countries. This is an inconceivable occurrence to the rest of the world, where car accumulation and gasoline use are instantly equated with pollution and capriciousness. In Europe, knowledge is raised by most governments of the pollution and side effects of burning fuels and heavy taxes are obligatory on these in order to furnish public transportation, dead set against pollution solutions and substitute fuel methods such as LPG and electric power-driven cars. Can the USAs government really maintain to hold its version of dictatorship and free enterprise at the expenditure of every human on the planet? The American Government under President G. Bush was just about put in power solely by money from huge oil companies, but something needs to change. The world sees our restriction of pollutant emissions vital and required that we do this. The USA seems to think that it is not viable and expensive and isnt going to do it! We must reduce pollution, it doesnt matter how expensive it is. It has to be done. The world sees Americas unwillingness with repugnance and dismay. The USA has some environmental issues sorted, like domestic waste discarding. During the 1970s and 1980s the USA made itself obligatory in the campaigns to prohibit the discharge of ozone gases; thanks to its help the hole in the ozone layer is gradually closing, finally. The USA polices the worlds military nations, keeping check on their artillery and intentions. It does not do the same with matters of universal health or pollution. The USA is by far the worlds leading polluter and is also the country that is seen as slightest vigorous in combating world pollution. Failure to approve the Kyoto Protocol is a serious error and much of the world is left in astonish and dismay that the USA ignores these problems. Comprising over 70% of the Earths exterior, water is unquestionably the most valuable natural resource that exists on our planet. Without the seemingly very useful mix comprised of hydrogen and oxygen, life on Earth would be absent: it is vital for everything on our planet to nurture and flourish. Even though we as humans know this fact, we ignore it by polluting our rivers, lakes, and oceans. Then, we are slowly but surely harming our planet to the point where organisms are dying at an incredibly frightening rate. As well as to blameless organisms dying off, our drinking water has become significantly exaggerated as is our ability to use water for leisure purposes. In order to fight water pollution, we must be aware of the problems and become part of the solution. According to the American College Dictionary, pollution is defined as: to make foul or unclean; dirty. Water pollution occurs when a body of water is negatively affected due to the accumulation of large amounts of resources to the water. When it is out of condition for its intentional use, water is considered polluted. There are two types of water pollutants that exist; point source and nonpoint source. Point sources of pollution take place when harmful substances are emitted straight into a body of water. The Exxon Valdez oil spill best illustrates point source water pollution. A nonpoint source delivers pollutants in some way through environmental changes. An example of the type of water pollution is when fertilizer from a field is passed into a stream by rain, in the outward appearance of run-off which in turn affects aquatic life. The equipment exists for point sources of pollution to be monitored and synchronized, even though political factors may make matters worse matters. Non point sources are much more complex to control. Pollution that arises from nonpoint sources accounts for a greater part of the contaminants in steams and lakes. There are many causes of pollution, some including, but not limited to, sewage and fertilizers that contain nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. In surplus levels, nutrients over encourage the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Extreme growth of these types of organisms as a result clogs our waterways, use up dissolved oxygen as they decay, and obstruct light to deeper waters. This in turn, proves very harmful aquatic organisms as it affects the respiration capability or fish and other invertebrates that dwell in water. Pollution is also caused when slit and other poised solids, such as soil, wash off plowed fields, construction and logging sites, urban areas, and eroded river banks when it rains. Pollution in the form of organic objects enters waterways in many unusual ways, such as sewage, as leaves and grass clippings, or as runoff from farm animals feedlots and pastures. Pathogens are another type of pollution that proves very harmful. They can cause many illnesses that vary from typhoid and dysentery to slight respiratory and skin diseases. These pollutants come in waterways through unprocessed sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, runoff from farms, and mainly boats that dump sewage. Despite the fact that they are microscopic, these pollutants have an incredible affect evidenced by their capability to cause sickness. Three preceding forms of water pollution exist in the forms of petroleum, radioactive substances, and heat. Petroleum frequently pollutes water bodies in the form of oil, ensuing from oil spills. These significant unintentional discharges of petroleum are a vital cause of pollution alongside shore lines. In addition to the supertankers, off-shore drilling operations add a large share of pollution. One educated guess is that one ton of oil is spilled for every million tons of oil transported. Its equal to about 0.0001 percent. Radioactive substances are formed in the type of waste from nuclear power plants, and from the industrial, medical, and scientific use of radioactive supplies. Precise forms of waste are uranium and thorium removal and decontamination. The final form of water pollution is heat. Heat is a pollutant because of the raise in temperatures, which cause death in many aquatic organisms. These decreases in temperatures are caused when a release of cooling water by factor ies and power plants take place. Oil pollution is an increasing problem, mainly devastating to coastal wildlife. Small quantities of oil extend hastily across long distances to form deadly oil slicks. The chief sources of water pollution can be classified as municipal, industrial, and agricultural. Municipal water pollution consists of waste water from homes and business establishments. For several years, the most important goal for treating municipal wastewater was simply to diminish its substance of suspended solids, oxygen-demanding materials, dissolved inorganic compounds, and harmful bacteria. In current years, nevertheless, more stress has been placed on humanizing means of discarding of the solid residues from the municipal management process. The important methods of treating municipal wastewater fall into three stages: primary treatment, as well as grit removal, screening, grinding, and sedimentation; secondary treatment, which entails corrosion of dissolved organic matter by resources of using biologically active sludge, which is then filtered off; and tertiary treatment, in which complex biological methods of nitrogen removal and chemical and physical methods such as granular filtration and activated carbon assimilation are working. The management and removal of solid residues can account for 25 to 50 percent of the funds and operational costs of a management plant. The distinctiveness of industrial waste waters can fluctuate significantly both within and among industries. The shock of industrial discharges depends not only on their combined characteristics, such as biochemical oxygen demand and the amount of suspended solids, but also on their substance of specific inorganic and organic substances. Three options are accessible in controlling industrial wastewater. Control can take place at the point of cohort in the plant; wastewater can be pretreated for expulsion to municipal treatment sources; or wastewater can be treated entirely at the plant and either reused or discharged str aight into receiving waters. Agriculture, as well as profitable livestock and poultry farming, is the starting place of many organic and inorganic pollutants in surface waters and groundwater. These contaminants take account of both residues from wearing away cropland and compounds of phosphorus and nitrogen that somewhat originate in animal wastes and viable fertilizers. Animal wastes are high in oxygen challenging material, nitrogen and phosphorus, and they over and over again harbor pathogenic organisms. Wastes from viable feeders are controlled and predisposed of on land; their main threat to natural waters, as a result, is from runoff and leakage. Control many entail settling basins for liquids, some degree of biological treatment in aerobic or anaerobic lagoons, and a range of other methods. Ninety-five percent of all fresh water on earth is ground water. Ground water is established in natural rock formations. These formations, called aquifers, are vital natural resources with many uses. Nationally, fifty-three percent of the inhabitants rely on ground water as a supply of drinking water. In rural areas this number is even more elevated. Eighty-one percent of the society water is reliant on ground water. Although the 1992 Section 305(b) State Water Quality Reports indicate that, overall, the Nations ground water quality is good to excellent; many local areas have experienced significant ground water contamination. Some examples are leaking underground storage tanks and municipal landfills. Without a doubt, the problems connected with water pollution have the capability to disturb life on our planet to an enormous extent. An independent governments purpose is to protect people, its populace, and the populace of the world. In industrial countries it is the Governments job to keep commercialism in order and protect people from disparity, domination and worldly practices of big business. Some people have been required to wonder if the American government can still be considered to be working for the welfare of the people anywhere in the world, or if it is without a doubt merely the worlds largest corporation.

St. Pauls Cathedral in London, England Essay -- Saint Paul Architectu

St. Paul’s Cathedral, in London, England, was designed by architect Sir Christopher Wren. Approval of this most significant architectural project took six years just for the plan. Construction, which began in 1675, took thirty-five years until finally complete in 1710. It was built to replace a church that had been leveled by the Great Fire of 1666. St. Paul's is the largest cathedral in England, and said to be Wren's masterpiece. He brought a range of new forms, and architectural combination into English architecture. Masonry, brick, timber, and cut stone were used to form the structure of the cathedral. St. Paul’s Cathedral has been one of the main socially significant buildings in London. Cathedrals all around, have always played a large role in the communities they serve. Their fundamental purpose is to bring people closer to God, but over the centuries they have served as a focal point for trade, as a stronghold and a place of safety in times of war, and as immense status symbols. The functions, of a cathedral, take on an additional significance for St Paul's, because it’s known as the cathedral of the capital city and, of the nation. The present building is also the first cathedral to have been built since the creation of the Church of England in 1534, when religion was brought under the direct control of the monarch. This quote from Simon Thurley, Chief Executive of English Heritage really shows the significance the Church has made in England. â€Å"St Paul's Cathedral is the internationally recognized signature of London and the capital's most important historic and architectural focal point. Only St Paul's and the Palace of Westminster are protected by strategic views but the proposed tower disregards this legal protection and the significance of the Cathedral as the icon of London.† The West Front, which faces the heart of the City of London, is an iconic image with great national significance. It is through the famous West Doors that so many British monarchs and distinguished figures have entered the Cathedral. The nation’s â€Å"best-loved† church, St Paul’s has hosted some of the most important commemorative events in British history. In recent years the memorial service for the victims of 9/11, the Queen’s Golden Jubilee and the Queen Mother’s 100th birthday. Also, it was where the funeral services of Nelson, the Duke of Wellington, and Winston Churchi... ...rchitecture into the early neo-classical/ baroque style. Wren’s style was one of simple magnificence. His style was composed more of in agreeable proportions rather than glorious decoration. Wren was believed to have contributed design ideas for many buildings for which he did not do final designs. Wren’s design concepts were carried into the early years of the eighteenth century by fellow architects, Hawksmoor, and his partner Vanbrugh. However, Wren’s relative simplicity, and his â€Å"Protestant plainness† in comparison with European â€Å"Popish† richness, was dominated in their designs by superimpose of rich applied decoration and a more complex and extravagant style. His greatest renown was for St. Paul’s Cathedral, but his major public buildings, and the delicacy and variety displayed in the fifty-or-so parish churches, also contribute to his enduring influence in architecture down to the present day. Until the arrival of the modern skyscraper, St. Paul's dominated the London skyline as a symbol of the stability of the Church of England and English government and society. When Sir Christopher Wren died in 1723 he became the first person to be buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.

Adults Resistance to Change in the Workforce

Change has become an integral part of all organizations for bringing about innovation and creativity in their work procedures. Bringing about change is a complex process since change in one area affects the other area in the organization directly or indirectly.Change is extremely important if companies and businesses want to survive in the long-run. This is due to the changing needs of the organizations as well as the customers and due to changing internal and external environment. Today, there is an increasing trend towards the development of a learning organization where managers and employees are committed to bring about continuous improvement in the processes and capabilities.Such type of an organization can only be formed when everyone working in the company develops a positive attitude towards adapting change. Change might result in efforts to deal with existing problems or with the opportunities available in the external environment. Though change is important and should be in itiated in an organization but this does not mean that it can be easily implemented (Hultman, 1998).Planning ChangeInitiation and implementation of change requires proper planning and this planned process should be used to carry out change. If proper planning is not done then the change can fail and the employees’ fear and uncertainty related to it might come true.If the change fails initially in the organization then it would be highly difficult for the employees to support change in the organization. Firstly, the organization must see a need for change and the forces triggering change may be from the internal as well as external environment.Internal factors may be related to the company goals and objectives or problems facing the organization whereas the external factors are largely related to the environment such as changing customer tastes or the changing strategies of the competitors (Harvard Business School Press, 2005).These factors make the organization realize the ne ed for change and then this must be studied properly. The organization should critically evaluate its strengths and weaknesses as well as threats and opportunities so that the right change could be initiated at the right time. After evaluating the need for change, the management should initiate change and this can be done through different ways.Initiating change requires the recruitment of new and creative employees and this is where the problem starts arising since the adult employees began to resist their recruitment. The management should search for proper solutions which can used to meet the perceived need for change. Search involves observing and analyzing different organizations and making use of knowledge to meet the need.Creative employees are hired to find the correct solution in order to establish a creative and learning organization. Creative individuals are important since they are open-minded, original and focused in their approach. They are persistent and committed and use teams to work for initiating change.These creative individuals generate innovative ideas and these individuals are called idea champions. They form new-venture teams for developing and initiating innovative changes in the organization. It is these idea champions and new-venture teams to which the adult employees offer resistance since they perceive them as a threat to their position.They think that their employment by the organization underestimates their capabilities and qualifications. Sometimes the employees’ resistance is so high that it is impossible to implement the change. For implementing change, this resistance must be overcome or else the process will not proceed further (Hultman, 1998).There are huge obstacles and problems to be dealt with when implementing change successfully in an organization. This is because employees offer resistance to change and this resistance can be attributed to several reasons: ·One of the reasons that employee resist change is th at by implementing the new strategy or innovative idea, it will take away something valuable from the employees.It might be the loss of power, position or any other pay benefit. An employee’s self-interest is the most important to him and this loss can become the biggest obstacle in the way of implementing change (Hultman, 1998). ·Another reason is that employees are unable to understand the purpose behind the change and therefore, they cannot trust the organizational move. If the employees have a negative attitude towards the change initiator then they will offer their full resistance to implementing his idea.They cannot trust his idea for change and might think that its implementation will bring something negative to them. Therefore, lack of understanding and mutual trust becomes another factor for resisting change in organizations (Harvard Business School Press, 2005). ·Employees are also afraid of implementing change due to the uncertainty factor associated with the c hange. They get worried about the consequences of change and thus, do not offer their support towards it. They might also be worried as the new technology or new procedure requires more talent and creativity which they might not be able to provide (Markham, 1999). ·Lastly, the goals of the employees may be different from the goals of the organization. They might not be able to assess the change from the organization point of view and therefore, they disagree over the benefits resulting from the change (Jellison, 1993).These are the main reasons why employees offer resistance to change in an organization. Once an organization has the need for change then it looks for possible solutions through which the need can be overcome. Change requires innovation and creativity in an organization without which an organization cannot progress and will stagger behind.For initiating innovative and creative ideas, the organization starts hiring creative individuals in different departments. There are idea champions and new-venture teams formed with creative individuals who see the need for change and initiate it productively. Now here is where the main problem rises and this will center our research paper.By hiring creative individuals to form new-venture teams for developing innovation the organization attempts to change the workforce of the organization.Before offering resistance to change itself, the employees especially the aging ones offer their first resistance to change in the workforce. The research paper will focus the discussion on this issue of adult’s resistance to change in the workforce (Goldstein, 2001).Change in the workforceThe way a business is done is determined by its workforce. And changing workforce changes the way of doing business or in other words, bringing a change in the way of doing business requires a change in the workforce. Companies are recruiting and hiring young employees due to their creative and dynamic personalities.They are able t o see things differently and want transition in things that are still being done in traditional way (Pihulyk , 2003). Their ideas and solutions are different from what their parents had to offer and thus, they want the traditional approaches and strategies to change in an organization.They show their dissatisfaction in different areas of the organization and want them to change for the good. They are practical in their approach in that they can see the organization strengths and weaknesses and are aware of the threats and opportunities in the organization external environment and thus, develop a desire to change accordingly.But there is also a darker side to this brighter situation and this darker side is due to the existing employees and workers of an organization. Organizations have usually experienced and committed workers who are working their since years and thus are quite adult. These employees work in their own traditional and routine way and do not want any change in their s tyle of working.When an organization feels a need to hire young employees, the adults feel a threat to their power, position and prestige since they are not capable enough to work like the young ones. They feel threatened by the young employees who have more creative and novel solutions to organizational problems and work for bringing about change. At this stage the adults offer resistance to the recruitment of young employees in the workforce because it will not only threaten their position but also bring about a change in their style of working (Hultman, 1998).Aged employees consider themselves experienced enough and are not ready to tolerate younger employees imposing themselves and their ideas for change. They want a stable work environment and get negative feelings if some one tries to challenge their style of working.This is mainly the most important reason why adults and aged people offer so much resistance to recruiting ever energetic and efficient young employees in the org anization’s workforce.It has been always said that new and young employees are important for the success of an organization because they are able to see things from a different perspective which requires change, innovation and creativity. They want the organization to become a learning organization progressing on the path of continuous improvement and innovative problem solving.An organization becomes successful by the way a business is done it which in turn is determined by the employees working there so for making an organization successful talented young employees should be hired and trained for working with the organization (Harvard Business School Press, 2005).Today, the business expectations are rising and customers are becoming ever-demanding. The competition is becoming fiercer with everyone striving to attain the competitive edge.The organization that develops a positive attitude towards welcoming change will be able to continuously improve itself at the times of pro blems and opportunities and thus, this requires the contribution of the talented young working people who have just graduated and are fresh with the knowledge of business management.They have a tendency to work in teams because they realize the fact that a team can accomplish more what individuals can achieve. On the other hand, the adults do not appreciate collective working and work individually instead. The young workers are more popularly known as Generation Y whereas the adults are being referred to as Generation X.It has been estimated that 70% of 21-year old Generation Y people are in the US workforce today which shows an increasing trend towards young employees (Jellison, 1993).Moreover, the new generation adapts to technology changes easily and want to work with new and modern procedures but the older generation sees technology with a negative eye and does not adapts to it readily. This is not to say that adults and aged people are unimportant in an organization, in fact th ey are the most important assets of an organization.These assets can not be replaced because their age has given them an experience to deal with problems which is hard to find. Young people find most creative and novel solution to a problem whereas the experienced employees find accurate solutions through their experience. This means that both generations should be made to work together if the organization wants to rise higher than any other organization in the industry or outside the industry.There is an increasing amount of Generational Conflict in the organizations and it is predicted that by 2010 it is going to increase considerably (Hultman, 1998). By Generational Conflict, we mean the conflict between two or more generations and here we are referring to the two generations of X and Y (Pihulyk , 2003).This is due to the age diversification in the workforce as young and talented employees are being increasingly hired by the businesses. The new generation will cause the erosion o f old work ethics and they will require a more flexible workplace.Moreover, women representation will increase hundred percent in the upcoming years. There exists a multi-generational and multi-cultural workforce and this will continue to grow in the future years. Since this is going to increase therefore, management must properly plan for accommodating this change in their business as the demographic change can have positive as well as negative implications.The policies and procedures must be adapted for accommodating this change so that there should be new values for the new generation (Rosenburg, 2005).

Social Responsibilities of Business an Article by Friedman

In Friedman’s article, The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profit, he gives two arguments for what, if any, social responsibilities a business has and why they have it. In his arguments, he presents a businessman in charge of running the business on behalf of the owner. The first point he raises in dictating what responsibilities the businessman should fulfill involves defining the businessman’s purpose. He was hired as an agent of the shareholders, the owners of the business, etc. to make the business profitable. Barring some eleemosynary functions, as Friedman states, such as hospitals and schools, the general purpose of a business is to make money, therefore, the responsibilities of an agent of the business would be to increase said profits. To do otherwise would be to fulfill a purpose other than the one he was hired for and betray the owners. Friedman’s second argument follows a similar idea, but with another reason why the businessmanâ €™s ideas of social responsibility aren’t to be fulfilled through the business. If the agent of a business would spend money to further his supposed social responsibilities, he is using something that is not his to spend as he sees fit. Any money earned by increasing the price to consumers, decreasing the wages of the workers, or withheld from the stockholders belongs to the business and has been taken from these parties to be used in ways that they could have used it on their own. If the agent uses the money inShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibilities And Moral Character Of Business1175 Words   |  5 Pages Social Responsibilities and Moral Character of Business Milton Friedman was a 20th century American economist who advocated free-market capitalism. 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